Willmore Tori in the 3-Sphere
Franz Pedit, Ulrich Pinkall, Nicholas SchmittDescription
The Hopf tori are equivariant Willmore tori with torus knot number 1:1. They were found by Ulrich Pinkall in 1985. The equivariant Willmore tori were discovered by by Dirk Ferus and Franz Pedit in 1990. [1][2] Equivariant constrained Willmore tori discovered by Lynn Heller.
References
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Dirk Ferus and Franz Pedit.
S1-equivariant minimal tori in S4 and S1-equivariant Willmore tori in S3.
Math. Z., 1990.
URL: https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=1055991. -
Ulrich Pinkall.
Hopf tori in S3.
Invent. Math., 1985.
URL: https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=799274.